The nanotechnology, a cross-sectional technology par excellence, stimulates G broad spectrum of fields of applications extending from optoelectronics, sensorics, ecology, chemistry and biotechnology to medicine and pharmacy. Nonofibers and nonotubes ore a highly versatile platform for such applications. To produce these nonoobjects a set of novel preparation techniques such as electrospinning and specific template approaches based on nanofibers and mesoporous substrates has been developed. Nonofibers and nonotubes consisting of polymers, metals, ceramics, glasses or combinations of such materials have thus become accessible. The integration of such nonoobjects in larger devices is the next challenge.