In this study, mesoporous silica nanofibers were synthesized from tetraethylorthosilicate in a mixture of ethanol, hydrochloric acid, water and polyvinylbutyral PVB as precursor, via a simple sol-gel and electrospinning route. Hexagonal silica nanofibers were obtained by annealing treatment at 850 degrees C for 12 h. The morphology, crystal structure, and particle size of fibers have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analyzer, energy-dispersive spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform-infrared spectrometer. The pore structures were characterized by the N-2 absorption-desorption isotherm.