Monodisperse Au@Ag bimetallic nanorods (Au@AgNRs) with gold nanorod core and silver shell were introduced into the shells of the thermoresponsive nanofibers with core-shell structure by coaxial electrospinning technique using poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co- N-hydroxymethylacrylamide) aqueous solution as core fluid and its Au@AgNRs mixture as shell fluid, followed by heat treatment. Their core-shell structure and the oriented alignment of the Au@AgNRs embedded within their shells along their axes were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy observation. The produced composite nanofibrous membrane has high stability in aqueous medium and more remarkable and faster thermoresponsiveness than our previously reported composite nanofibrous membrane with homogeneous Au@AgNRs distribution inside its constituent nanofibers. The smart composite nanofibrous membrane as a free-standing surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate with temperature-dependent surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy efficiency from 25 to 50 degrees C and good reproducibility is able to be used to detect 10(-14) mol/L 4-mercaptobenzoic acid in aqueous solution at 50 degrees C. (C) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.