Composites of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and nanophase Pt-SnO2 were synthesized using electrospinning followed by carbonization, for use as anode materials in Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Composites of CNFs and nanophase Pt-SnO2 (sample B) exhibit the highest capacity (similar to 621.9 mAh/g at the 50th cycle) and excellent cyclic stability as compared to conventional CNFs and composites of CNFs and nanophase SnO2 (sample A). The result indicates that the improvement in performance of CNFs by the incorporation of nanophase Pt-SnO2 can be explained by the enhancement in electrical conductivity and the increase in the number of electrochemical active sites. (C) 2014 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.