Cress seed mucilage (CSM) as a new source of biomacromolecule has gained attraction in food science due to its biodegradability and biocompatibility. In this research CSM-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers were produced under different conditions by electrospinning technique. Viscosity and electrical conductivity of the produced biopolymers were analyzed. The effect of CSM to PVA volume ratio and applied electrical field were evaluated on nanofiber morphology by scanning electron spectroscopy. The optimum nanofibers showed smooth and uniform surfaces with diameter size range of 95-278 nm. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of CSM-PVA nanofiber with volume ratio of 60:40 showed characteristic peaks of CSM and PVA. X-ray diffractometer data clearly revealed the amorphous structure of the electrospun nanofibers. Thermogravimetric and derivative thermogravimetric analysis indicated that thermal stability of electrospun nanofibers increased in comparison to CSM and PVA. The results of this study indicated that CSM can be applied as a new source of biopolymer for production of nanofibers that could be used for different applications such as delivery systems and packaging film fabrication. (c) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45811.