In this work, the recyclable nanofibers membrane with good adsorption performance based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) was obtained via combination of simple hydrothermal and electrospinning approach. The membrane exhibited superhydrophilic property which was beneficial for water treatment. In addition, the maximum adsorption capacity of the MoS2-loaded nanofibers membrane for rhodmine B (RhB) was 77.70 mg/g, and it exhibited excellent desorption property in acetone due to the decrease of solvent polarity. More importantly, the removal efficiency was kept at 97.7% after thirty cycles of adsorption/desorption process, indicating its good reutilization. Furthermore, the adsorption behavior of the MoS2-loaded nanofibers membrane can be well described by the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The high adsorption capacity and recyclability render the PAN-MoS2 nanofibers membrane good performance in practicability for removal of organic dye.